Forcibly displaced persons:
The UN has defined forcibly displaced persons as those who are "forced to move, within or across borders, due to armed conflicts, persecution, terrorism, violations and abuses of human rights, violence, adverse effects of climate change, natural disasters, development projects or a combination of these of factors". This category includes the following groups: refugees, asylum seekers, Venezuelans displaced abroad and internally displaced persons (IDPs).
Refugee:
Refugees are persons who are outside their country of origin due to fear of persecution, conflict, general violence or other circumstances that have seriously disturbed public order and as a result require international protection. The definition of a refugee can be found in the 1951 Convention and regional instruments on refugees, as well as in the UNHCR Statute.
The rights of refugees are contained in the relevant legal regime, which is called 'international protection of refugees', which is based on the fact that refugees are persons in a specific situation that requires additional guarantees. Asylum seekers and refugees do not enjoy the protection of their country.
Although Article 14 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights affirms the right of everyone to seek and enjoy asylum, a clear definition of its content was only adopted by the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, and the UNHCR had a mandate to oversee its implementation, establishing a universal definition of a refugee and incorporating basic rights and obligations of refugees.
A key provision of the 1951 Convention, the principle of non-refoulement (ie non-forced repatriation), contained in Article 33, is the basis of the regime. According to this principle, refugees may not be deported or returned to situations where their life or freedom would be threatened.
Migrant:
There is no universal definition for "migrant" yet. Experts generally agree, anyway, that they can be described as follows: "someone who changes the country of habitual residence, regardless of the reason for migration or legal status". A large distinction is usually made between short-term or temporary migration, which includes movements lasting between three and 12 months, and long-term or permanent migration, which refers to a change of country of residence lasting one year or more.
Sources: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Internally displaced persons:
According to the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, internally displaced persons (IDPs) are “persons or groups of persons who have been forced or compelled to flee or leave their homes or places of habitual residence, particularly as a result of or to avoid consequences of armed conflict, situations of general violence, violations of human rights or natural or man-made disasters that have not crossed an internationally recognized border".
Asylum seeker:
A person seeking international protection. In countries with individualized procedures, an asylum seeker is a person whose claim has not yet been finally decided by the country in which it was submitted. Not all asylum seekers will eventually be recognized as refugees, but every recognized refugee is initially an asylum seeker.
Assisted voluntary return and reintegration
This term refers to administrative, logistical or financial support, including reintegration assistance, to migrants who are unable or unwilling to remain in a host or transit country and who choose to return to their country of origin.
There are two basic conditions:
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